html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;}body{margin:0;}main{display:block;}h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0;}hr{box-sizing:content-box;height:0;overflow:visible;}pre{font-family:monospace,monospace;font-size:1em;}a{background-color:transparent;}abbr[title]{border-bottom:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration:underline dotted;text-decoration:underline dotted;}b,strong{font-weight:bolder;}code,kbd,samp{font-family:monospace,monospace;font-size:1em;}small{font-size:80%;}sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline;}sub{bottom:-.25em;}sup{top:-.5em;}img{border-style:none;}button,input,optgroup,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;line-height:1.15;margin:0;}button,input{overflow:visible;}button,select{text-transform:none;}[type=button],[type=reset],[type=submit],button{-webkit-appearance:button;}[type=button]::-moz-focus-inner,[type=reset]::-moz-focus-inner,[type=submit]::-moz-focus-inner,button::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;padding:0;}[type=button]:-moz-focusring,[type=reset]:-moz-focusring,[type=submit]:-moz-focusring,button:-moz-focusring{outline:1px dotted ButtonText;}fieldset{padding:.35em .75em .625em;}legend{box-sizing:border-box;color:inherit;display:table;max-width:100%;padding:0;white-space:normal;}progress{vertical-align:baseline;}textarea{overflow:auto;}[type=checkbox],[type=radio]{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;}[type=number]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,[type=number]::-webkit-outer-spin-button{height:auto;}[type=search]{-webkit-appearance:textfield;outline-offset:-2px;}[type=search]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none;}::-webkit-file--button{-webkit-appearance:button;font:inherit;}details{display:block;}summary{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-list-item;display:-ms-list-itembox;display:list-item;}[hidden],template{display:none;}html{box-sizing:border-box;font-size:100%;}*,*:before,*:after{box-sizing:inherit;}.bbc-16ubpog{min-height:100vh;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;background-color:#FDFDFD;}.bbc-1vsz7zf{background-color:#B80000;height:2.75rem;width:100%;padding:0 0.5rem;position:relative;z-index:1;}@media (min-width: 15rem){.bbc-1vsz7zf{height:3.75rem;padding:0 0.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 25rem){.bbc-1vsz7zf{height:3.75rem;padding:0 1rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1vsz7zf{height:4rem;}}.bbc-1vsz7zf svg{fill:currentColor;}@media screen and (forced-colors: active){.bbc-1vsz7zf svg{fill:linkText;}}.bbc-1dg7u9h{height:100%;position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;max-width:63rem;margin:0 auto;}@media (max-width: 14.9375rem){.bbc-1dg7u9h{display:block;}}.bbc-1re47cx{height:100%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;position:relative;bottom:0.125rem;padding-top:0.125rem;}.bbc-1re47cx:hover,.bbc-1re47cx:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:0.25rem solid #FFFFFF;margin-bottom:-0.25rem;}.bbc-1re47cx:focus-visible::after{content:'';position:absolute;top:0;left:-0.1875rem;bottom:0;right:-0.1875rem;border-top:0.25rem solid #FFFFFF;outline:0.25rem solid #FFFFFF;}.bbc-1jefi8v{box-sizing:content-box;color:#FFFFFF;fill:currentColor;height:1.25rem;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.bbc-1jefi8v{height:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1jefi8v{height:1.875rem;}}@media screen and (-ms-high-contrast: active),print{.bbc-1jefi8v{fill:windowText;}}.bbc-m04vo2{-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;width:1px;margin:0;}.bbc-ohd6z{position:absolute;-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);height:1px;width:1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0.75rem 0.5rem;background-color:#FFFFFF;border:0.1875rem solid #000;color:#333;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-ohd6z{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-ohd6z{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}.bbc-ohd6z:focus{-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none;clip:auto;height:auto;width:auto;top:0;right:0;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.bbc-ohd6z:focus{top:0.5rem;}}@media (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-ohd6z{padding:0.5rem;}}.bbc-1x0h7k{margin:0 0.5rem;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #E6E8EA;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.bbc-1x0h7k{margin:0 1rem;}}.bbc-1iyw091{color:#141414;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-1iyw091{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1iyw091{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}.bbc-zudp5j{padding:1rem 0 0 0;max-width:63.4rem;position:relative;}@media (min-width: 15rem){.bbc-zudp5j{padding:1.5rem 0 0.5rem 0;}}@media (min-width: 63rem){.bbc-zudp5j{margin:0 auto;}}.bbc-1978bow{color:#141414;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;margin:0;margin-bottom:0.25rem;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-1978bow{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1978bow{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}@media (min-width: 15rem){.bbc-1978bow{margin-bottom:0.5rem;}}.bbc-1uk1gs8{margin:0;}.bbc-ue3lnk{color:#141414;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;margin:0;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-ue3lnk{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.625rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-ue3lnk{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.625rem;}}.bbc-y2sji4{color:#141414;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;padding:0.75rem 0 0.75rem;}.bbc-y2sji4:visited{color:#6E6E73;}.bbc-y2sji4:focus,.bbc-y2sji4:hover{color:#B80000;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}@media screen and (forced-colors: active){.bbc-y2sji4{fill:linkText;}.bbc-y2sji4:visited{fill:visitedText;}.bbc-y2sji4:active{fill:activeText;}}.bbc-1vgpydp{color:#141414;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;color:inherit;border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #141414;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-1vgpydp{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1vgpydp{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}a:visited .bbc-1vgpydp{color:#6E6E73;border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #6E6E73;}a:focus .bbc-1vgpydp,a:hover .bbc-1vgpydp{color:#B80000;border-bottom:0.125rem solid #B80000;}.bbc-1xkt713{-webkit-margin-start:0.5rem;margin-inline-start:0.5rem;width:0.875rem;height:0.875rem;vertical-align:middle;fill:currentColor;}.bbc-1ufi7i1{color:#141414;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;padding:0.25rem 0 1rem;}.bbc-1ufi7i1:visited{color:#6E6E73;}.bbc-1ufi7i1:focus,.bbc-1ufi7i1:hover{color:#B80000;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}@media screen and (forced-colors: active){.bbc-1ufi7i1{fill:linkText;}.bbc-1ufi7i1:visited{fill:visitedText;}.bbc-1ufi7i1:active{fill:activeText;}}@media (min-width: 15rem){.bbc-1ufi7i1{padding:0.5rem 0 1rem;}}.bbc-1von48e{color:#141414;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;color:inherit;border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #141414;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-1von48e{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1von48e{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}a:visited .bbc-1von48e{color:#6E6E73;border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #6E6E73;}a:focus .bbc-1von48e,a:hover .bbc-1von48e{color:#B80000;border-bottom:0.125rem solid #B80000;}.bbc-1numams{position:relative;background-color:#FFFFFF;}@media (min-width: 62.9375rem){.bbc-1numams::after{content:'';position:absolute;bottom:0;right:0;left:0;border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #E6E8EA;}}.bbc-1numams .e11sm0on2::after{right:0;}.bbc-14sj40g{position:relative;max-width:63.4rem;margin:0;background-color:#FFFFFF;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-14sj40g{margin:0 0.8rem;}}@media (min-width: 66rem){.bbc-14sj40g{margin:0 auto;}}.bbc-bjn8wh{position:relative;}@media (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-1wfoy8h{white-space:nowrap;overflow-x:scroll;scroll-behavior:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;scrollbar-width:none;-ms-overflow-style:none;}.bbc-1wfoy8h::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none;}.bbc-1wfoy8h:focus-visible{outline:none;}.bbc-1wfoy8h:focus-visible::after{outline:0.1875rem solid #000000;content:'';position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%;}.bbc-1wfoy8h:after{content:' ';height:100%;width:3rem;position:absolute;left:0;bottom:0;z-index:3;overflow:hidden;pointer-events:none;background:linear-gradient(
to left,
rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 0%,
rgba(255, 255, 255, 1) 100%
);}@media (min-width: 25rem){.bbc-1wfoy8h:after{width:6rem;}}}.bbc-11krpir{list-style-type:none;padding:0;margin:0;position:relative;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-11krpir{overflow:hidden;}}.bbc-xasjuf{display:inline-block;position:relative;z-index:2;-webkit-margin-end:0.75rem;margin-inline-end:0.75rem;}@media (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-xasjuf:last-child{margin-left:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-xasjuf::after{content:'';position:absolute;bottom:-1px;width:80rem;border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #E6E8EA;z-index:-1;}}.bbc-1ym234c{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#141414;cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;padding:0.75rem 0.25rem;outline:none;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-1ym234c{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1ym234c{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}@media (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-1ym234c{padding:0.75rem 0.5rem;}}.bbc-1ym234c:hover::after{content:'';position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;border-bottom:0.25rem solid #B80000;}.bbc-1ym234c:focus::after{content:'';position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;border-bottom:0.25rem solid #B80000;top:0;border:0.1875rem solid #000000;}.bbc-1ym234c:focus-visible::after{content:'';position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;border-bottom:0.25rem solid #B80000;top:0;border:0.1875rem solid #000000;}.bbc-1x40ipt{background-color:#FFFFFF;clear:both;overflow:hidden;height:0;-webkit-transition:all 0.2s ease-out;transition:all 0.2s ease-out;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.58, 1);visibility:hidden;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1x40ipt{display:none;visibility:hidden;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){.bbc-1x40ipt{-webkit-transition:none;transition:none;}}.bbc-dz10ac{list-style-type:none;margin:0;padding:0 0.5rem;border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #E6E8EA;}.bbc-89wdkq{padding:0.75rem 0;border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #E6E8EA;}.bbc-89wdkq:last-child{padding-bottom:0.25rem;border:0;}.bbc-1725uln{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#141414;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:0.75rem 0;display:inline-block;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-1725uln{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1725uln{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}.bbc-1725uln:hover,.bbc-1725uln:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#B80000;}.bbc-rgpi3z{position:absolute;width:calc(100vw - 0.8rem);inset-inline-start:0;}@media (min-width: 1041px){.bbc-rgpi3z{width:calc(100vw + 0.8rem);inset-inline-start:calc(-1 * (100vw - 1014px) / 2);}}.bbc-rgpi3z::after{content:'';position:absolute;inset-block-end:0;inset-inline:-0.8rem 0;width:calc(100% + 0.8rem);border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #E6E8EA;}@media (min-width: 1008px){.bbc-rgpi3z{display:none;}}.bbc-q944gg{-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;position:relative;}.bbc-1kb1fna{background-color:#F6F6F6;}.bbc-bg8vrv{max-width:63rem;margin:0 auto;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(12, 1fr);}@media (min-width: 63rem){.bbc-bg8vrv{padding:0 1rem;-webkit-column-gap:1rem;column-gap:1rem;}}.bbc-1cvxiy9{grid-column:1/span 12;padding-bottom:2rem;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.bbc-1cvxiy9{grid-column:1/span 8;}}.bbc-1i6u33{padding-bottom:1.5rem;}.bbc-1i6u33 .continueReadingFocusedElement{outline:0.1875rem solid #000000;box-shadow:0 0 0 0.1875rem #FFFFFF;outline-offset:0.1875rem;}@media (max-width: 14.9375rem){.bbc-1pfktyq{padding:0 0.5rem;margin-right:0%;}}@media (min-width: 15rem) and (max-width: 24.9375rem){.bbc-1pfktyq{padding:0 0.5rem;margin-right:0%;}}@media (min-width: 25rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-1pfktyq{padding:0 1rem;margin-right:0%;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem) and (max-width: 62.9375rem){.bbc-1pfktyq{padding:0 1rem;margin-right:0%;}}@media (min-width: 63rem) and (max-width: 79.9375rem){.bbc-1pfktyq{margin-right:16.666666666666668%;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.bbc-1pfktyq{margin-right:33.333333333333336%;}}@s (display: grid){.bbc-1pfktyq{display:block;width:initial;margin:0;}@media (max-width: 14.9375rem){.bbc-1pfktyq{grid-template-columns:repeat(6, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 6;padding:0 0.5rem;grid-column-start:1;}}@media (min-width: 15rem) and (max-width: 24.9375rem){.bbc-1pfktyq{grid-template-columns:repeat(6, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 6;padding:0 0.5rem;grid-column-start:1;}}@media (min-width: 25rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-1pfktyq{grid-template-columns:repeat(6, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 6;padding:0 1rem;grid-column-start:1;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem) and (max-width: 62.9375rem){.bbc-1pfktyq{grid-template-columns:repeat(6, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 6;padding:0 1rem;grid-column-start:1;}}@media (min-width: 63rem) and (max-width: 79.9375rem){.bbc-1pfktyq{grid-template-columns:repeat(6, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 6;grid-column-start:2;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.bbc-1pfktyq{grid-template-columns:repeat(12, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 12;grid-column-start:5;}}}.bbc-1w6gp7v{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:2rem;font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;color:#141414;display:block;margin:0;padding:2rem 0;overflow-wrap:anywhere;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-1w6gp7v{font-size:1.75rem;line-height:2.375rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1w6gp7v{font-size:2.5rem;line-height:3.375rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1w6gp7v{padding:2.5rem 0;}}.bbc-1w6gp7v:focus{outline:none;}.bbc-1vjaf6b{-webkit-padding-start:0.5rem;padding-inline-start:0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.bbc-1vjaf6b{-webkit-padding-start:1rem;padding-inline-start:1rem;}}@media (min-width: 63rem){.bbc-1vjaf6b{-webkit-padding-start:0;padding-inline-start:0;}}.bbc-1vjaf6b div{padding:0;}.bbc-1rvtlej{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;}.bbc-9scsxr{color:#141414;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;color:#141414;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding-top:1.375rem;padding-bottom:0.25rem;-webkit-padding-end:2.75rem;padding-inline-end:2.75rem;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-9scsxr{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.625rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-9scsxr{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.625rem;}}.bbc-1aw1vpy{color:#141414;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;color:#545658;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-1aw1vpy{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1aw1vpy{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}.bbc-v8pmqw::before{content:"";border-top:0.125rem solid #8A8C8E;width:2.5rem;display:block;margin:1rem 0;}@media (max-width: 14.9375rem){.bbc-4wucq3{padding:0 0.5rem;margin-right:0%;}}@media (min-width: 15rem) and (max-width: 24.9375rem){.bbc-4wucq3{padding:0 0.5rem;margin-right:0%;}}@media (min-width: 25rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-4wucq3{padding:0 1rem;margin-right:0%;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem) and (max-width: 62.9375rem){.bbc-4wucq3{padding:0 1rem;margin-right:0%;}}@media (min-width: 63rem) and (max-width: 79.9375rem){.bbc-4wucq3{margin-right:20%;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.bbc-4wucq3{margin-right:40%;}}@s (display: grid){.bbc-4wucq3{display:block;width:initial;margin:0;}@media (max-width: 14.9375rem){.bbc-4wucq3{grid-template-columns:repeat(6, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 6;padding:0 0.5rem;grid-column-start:1;}}@media (min-width: 15rem) and (max-width: 24.9375rem){.bbc-4wucq3{grid-template-columns:repeat(6, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 6;padding:0 0.5rem;grid-column-start:1;}}@media (min-width: 25rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-4wucq3{grid-template-columns:repeat(6, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 6;padding:0 1rem;grid-column-start:1;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem) and (max-width: 62.9375rem){.bbc-4wucq3{grid-template-columns:repeat(5, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 5;padding:0 1rem;grid-column-start:1;}}@media (min-width: 63rem) and (max-width: 79.9375rem){.bbc-4wucq3{grid-template-columns:repeat(5, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 5;grid-column-start:2;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.bbc-4wucq3{grid-template-columns:repeat(10, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 10;grid-column-start:5;}}}.bbc-1eu2r82{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;color:#545658;display:block;font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;padding-bottom:0.25rem;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-1eu2r82{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1eu2r82{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}.bbc-1eu2r82:last-child{padding-bottom:1rem;}.bbc-1gjryo4{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#141414;padding-bottom:1.5rem;margin:0;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-1gjryo4{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.625rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1gjryo4{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.625rem;}}@media (min-width: 63rem){.bbc-1gjryo4{padding-left:2.5rem;}}.bbc-n8oauk{color:#222222;border-bottom:1px solid #B80000;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.bbc-n8oauk:visited{color:#6E6E73;border-bottom:1px solid #6E6E73;}.bbc-n8oauk:focus,.bbc-n8oauk:hover{border-bottom:2px solid #B80000;color:#B80000;}.bbc-1o3v5ug{background-color:#F6F6F6;margin:1.5rem 0;padding:1rem 0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.bbc-1o3v5ug{margin:0 0 1.5rem;padding:0 1rem 1rem;}}@media (min-width: 63rem){.bbc-1o3v5ug{margin:0 0 1.5rem;padding:1rem 0;}}.bbc-1vq693g{font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1rem;background-color:#FFFFFF;border:0.125rem solid #222222;color:#222222;display:block;left:0;line-height:1;padding:0.75rem;position:absolute;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;top:0;z-index:10;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-1vq693g{line-height:1.125rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1vq693g{font-size:0.8125rem;}}.bbc-1vq693g:not(:focus):not(:active){-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;width:1px;margin:0;}.bbc-lryo9m{position:relative;z-index:0;color:#141414;margin-top:2rem;margin:0;padding:0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-lryo9m{margin-top:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 63rem){.bbc-lryo9m{margin-bottom:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-lryo9m{margin:0 0 1rem;}}.bbc-a5e1ct{margin:0;padding:0;scroll-margin-top:1rem;}.bbc-a5e1ct:focus-visible{outline:0.1875rem solid #000000;box-shadow:0 0 0 0.1875rem #FFFFFF;outline-offset:0.1875rem;}.bbc-1fttj{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}.bbc-127x8fy{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-flow:row nowrap;-webkit-flex-flow:row nowrap;-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;min-height:2.75rem;-webkit-align-items:baseline;-webkit-box-align:baseline;-ms-flex-align:baseline;align-items:baseline;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-127x8fy{-webkit-align-items:stretch;-webkit-box-align:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch;}}.bbc-13nmxlq{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.75rem;font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;background-color:#F6F6F6;margin:1rem 0;padding-left:0.5rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-13nmxlq{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.75rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-13nmxlq{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:2rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-13nmxlq{margin:0;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-13nmxlq{padding-left:1rem;}}.bbc-14m29r0{list-style-type:none;margin:0;padding:0;}.bbc-qj66n0{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:stretch;-webkit-box-align:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch;position:relative;padding:0.5rem;margin-top:0.5rem;background-color:#FDFDFD;}.bbc-nsxwcj{width:100%;padding:0 0.5rem;}@media (max-width: 24.9375rem){.bbc-nsxwcj{width:calc(100% - 5rem);}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-nsxwcj{padding:0 1rem;}}.bbc-z3m7pc{font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.5rem;color:#141414;margin:0;height:100%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-z3m7pc{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-z3m7pc{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}.bbc-7tw9s9{position:static;color:#141414;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;overflow-wrap:break-word;}.bbc-7tw9s9:before{bottom:0;content:'';left:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;white-space:nowrap;z-index:1;}.bbc-7tw9s9:hover,.bbc-7tw9s9:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.bbc-7tw9s9:visited{color:#6E6E73;}.bbc-10a2avq{-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;width:1px;margin:0;}.bbc-hl5nhs{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.75rem;font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;color:#141414;padding:0.5rem 0;margin:calc(1.5rem - 0.5rem) 0;scroll-margin-top:1rem;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-hl5nhs{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:2.125rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-hl5nhs{font-size:2rem;line-height:2.625rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-hl5nhs{margin-top:calc(2rem - 0.5rem);}}.bbc-hl5nhs:focus-visible{outline:0.1875rem solid #000000;box-shadow:0 0 0 0.1875rem #FFFFFF;outline-offset:0.1875rem;}.bbc-1mv29kq{font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-family:inherit;font-weight:inherit;}.bbc-tpioxw{grid-column:1/span 12;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.bbc-tpioxw{grid-column:9/span 4;margin-top:2rem;}}.bbc-10pxgv6{margin-bottom:1.5rem;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.bbc-10pxgv6{margin-bottom:0.5rem;padding:1rem;}}@media (max-width: 24.9375rem){.bbc-8cenrp{padding:0 0.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 25rem){@media (max-width: 62.9375rem){.bbc-8cenrp{padding:0 1rem;}}}.bbc-g47oqm{position:relative;z-index:0;color:#141414;margin-top:2rem;margin-top:0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-g47oqm{margin-top:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 63rem){.bbc-g47oqm{margin-bottom:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-g47oqm{margin-top:0;}}.bbc-19bsuwp{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.75rem;font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;background-color:#F6F6F6;margin:1rem 0;padding-right:0.5rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-19bsuwp{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.75rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-19bsuwp{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:2rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-19bsuwp{margin:0;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-19bsuwp{padding-right:1rem;}}.bbc-lvnea5{list-style-type:none;margin:0;padding:0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem) and (max-width: 62.9375rem){.bbc-lvnea5{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:calc(1rem - 0.375rem);}}.bbc-s6v87m{height:100%;margin-bottom:1rem;}.bbc-s6v87m:last-child{margin:0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem) and (max-width: 62.9375rem){.bbc-s6v87m{height:inherit;-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;-webkit-flex-basis:0;-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;margin:0;}}.bbc-ey9z5j{border:0.1875rem solid transparent;height:100%;}.bbc-70p486{position:relative;background-color:#FFFFFF;height:100%;}.bbc-2xm90o{padding:0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.bbc-2xm90o{padding:1rem 0.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-2xm90o{padding:1rem;}}.bbc-s8lpxx{color:#141414;margin:0;font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.5rem;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-s8lpxx{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-s8lpxx{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}.bbc-154s5g9{position:static;color:#222222;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;overflow-wrap:anywhere;display:inline-block;}.bbc-154s5g9:hover,.bbc-154s5g9:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.bbc-154s5g9:before{bottom:0;content:'';left:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;white-space:nowrap;z-index:1;}.bbc-154s5g9:visited{color:#6E6E73;}.bbc-bkxz22{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;color:#545658;display:block;font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;padding-top:0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-bkxz22{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-bkxz22{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}@media (max-width: 24.9375rem){.bbc-6bz6fw{padding:0 0.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 25rem) and (max-width: 62.9375rem){.bbc-6bz6fw{padding:0 1rem;}}.bbc-ofnqcj{list-style-type:none;margin:0;padding:0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem) and (max-width: 62.9375rem){.bbc-ofnqcj{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, 1fr);-webkit-column-gap:1rem;column-gap:1rem;row-gap:1.5rem;}}.bbc-1q5cdze{padding:0.5rem 0 1rem;line-height:0;height:100%;}.bbc-1q5cdze:last-child{border:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1q5cdze{padding:1rem 0 1rem;}}@media (min-width: 63rem){.bbc-1q5cdze{padding:0 0 1.5rem;}}.bbc-1q5cdze:first-child{padding-top:0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem) and (max-width: 62.9375rem){.bbc-1q5cdze:first-child{padding-top:1rem;}}.bbc-1q5cdze:last-child{padding-bottom:0;}.bbc-1q5cdze:first-child{padding:0 0 0.5rem 0;}.bbc-1q5cdze:last-child{padding:0.5rem 0 0 0;}.bbc-1q5cdze:not(:first-child):not(:last-child){padding:0.5rem 0 0.5rem 0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem) and (max-width: 62.9375rem){.bbc-1q5cdze{padding:0;}.bbc-1q5cdze:first-child,.bbc-1q5cdze:last-child,.bbc-1q5cdze:not(:first-child):not(:last-child){padding:0;}}.bbc-oz5u0n{position:relative;width:100%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;height:100%;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.bbc-oz5u0n:hover a{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.bbc-oz5u0n:visited a{color:#E6E8EA;}.bbc-18rv2kn{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;z-index:5;}.bbc-10klw3m{height:100%;}.bbc-7gzyga{min-height:100px;padding-bottom:1rem;background-color:#202224;}.bbc-nrcg1m{font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.33;display:inline-block;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;margin:0.875rem 0.5rem 0 0.5rem;color:#FFFFFF;}.bbc-nrcg1m:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.bbc-nrcg1m{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25;margin:0.875rem 1rem 0 1rem;}}.bbc-nrcg1m:visited{color:#E6E8EA;}.bbc-lzs1ev{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;color:#545658;display:block;font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-size:0.8125rem;padding:0.75rem 0.5rem 0 0.5rem;color:#E6E8EA;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-lzs1ev{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-lzs1ev{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}@media (min-width: 25rem){.bbc-lzs1ev{font-size:0.875rem;padding:0.75rem 1rem 0 1rem;}}@media (max-width: 24.9375rem){.bbc-1pg0aej{margin:0 0.5rem;padding-bottom:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 25rem){@media (max-width: 62.9375rem){.bbc-1pg0aej{margin:0 1rem;padding-bottom:2rem;}}}@media (min-width: 63rem) and (max-width: 79.9375rem){.bbc-1pg0aej{margin:0 1rem;padding-bottom:2.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.bbc-1pg0aej{margin:0 auto;padding:0 1rem 1.5rem;max-width:80rem;}}.bbc-1rpw6bb{position:relative;z-index:0;color:#141414;margin-top:2rem;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1rpw6bb{margin-top:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 63rem){.bbc-1rpw6bb{margin-bottom:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem) and (max-width: 62.9375rem){.bbc-1rpw6bb{margin-bottom:1rem;}}.bbc-stivil{list-style-type:none;margin:0;padding:0;grid-auto-flow:column;grid-template-rows:repeat(10, auto);}@s (display: grid){.bbc-stivil{display:grid;position:initial;width:initial;margin:0;}@media (max-width: 14.9375rem){.bbc-stivil{grid-template-columns:repeat(6, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 6;grid-column-gap:0.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 15rem) and (max-width: 24.9375rem){.bbc-stivil{grid-template-columns:repeat(6, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 6;grid-column-gap:0.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 25rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-stivil{grid-template-columns:repeat(6, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 6;grid-column-gap:0.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem) and (max-width: 62.9375rem){.bbc-stivil{grid-template-columns:repeat(6, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 6;grid-column-gap:1rem;}}@media (min-width: 63rem) and (max-width: 79.9375rem){.bbc-stivil{grid-template-columns:repeat(8, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 8;grid-column-gap:1rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.bbc-stivil{grid-template-columns:repeat(20, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 20;grid-column-gap:1rem;}}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.bbc-stivil{grid-auto-flow:row;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-stivil{grid-template-rows:repeat(5, auto);}}.bbc-jsrhcr{position:relative;padding-bottom:1.5rem;}@media (max-width: 14.9375rem){.bbc-jsrhcr{width:calc(100%);display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;}}@media (min-width: 15rem) and (max-width: 24.9375rem){.bbc-jsrhcr{width:calc(100%);display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;}}@media (min-width: 25rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-jsrhcr{width:calc(100%);display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem) and (max-width: 62.9375rem){.bbc-jsrhcr{width:calc(50%);display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;}}@media (min-width: 63rem) and (max-width: 79.9375rem){.bbc-jsrhcr{width:calc(50%);display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.bbc-jsrhcr{width:calc(20%);display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;}}@s (display: grid){.bbc-jsrhcr{display:block;width:initial;margin:0;}@media (max-width: 14.9375rem){.bbc-jsrhcr{grid-template-columns:repeat(6, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 6;}}@media (min-width: 15rem) and (max-width: 24.9375rem){.bbc-jsrhcr{grid-template-columns:repeat(6, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 6;}}@media (min-width: 25rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-jsrhcr{grid-template-columns:repeat(6, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 6;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem) and (max-width: 62.9375rem){.bbc-jsrhcr{grid-template-columns:repeat(3, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 3;}}@media (min-width: 63rem) and (max-width: 79.9375rem){.bbc-jsrhcr{grid-template-columns:repeat(4, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 4;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.bbc-jsrhcr{grid-template-columns:repeat(4, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 4;}}}.bbc-1is9yal{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;margin:0;padding:0;}@media (max-width: 14.9375rem){.bbc-1yj6spp{min-width:1rem;}}@media (min-width: 15rem) and (max-width: 24.9375rem){.bbc-1yj6spp{min-width:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 25rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-1yj6spp{min-width:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1yj6spp{min-width:2rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1yj6spp{min-width:1.5rem;}}@s (grid-template-columns: fit-content(200px)){@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1yj6spp{min-width:1.5rem;}}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.bbc-1yj6spp{min-width:1.5rem;}}.bbc-109858a{font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;position:relative;color:#B80000;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:2rem;line-height:2.25rem;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-109858a{font-size:2.5rem;line-height:2.75rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-109858a{font-size:3.5rem;line-height:3.75rem;}}.bbc-edu86c{padding-top:0.375rem;padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem;}@s (grid-template-columns: fit-content(200px)){.bbc-edu86c{padding-left:0;}}.bbc-17vk43k{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;position:static;color:#222222;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-17vk43k{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-17vk43k{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}.bbc-17vk43k:hover,.bbc-17vk43k:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.bbc-17vk43k:before{bottom:0;content:'';left:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;white-space:nowrap;z-index:1;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.bbc-17vk43k{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.625rem;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-17vk43k{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.625rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-17vk43k{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.75rem;}}}@media (max-width: 14.9375rem){.bbc-bmg00o{min-width:1rem;}}@media (min-width: 15rem) and (max-width: 24.9375rem){.bbc-bmg00o{min-width:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 25rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-bmg00o{min-width:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-bmg00o{min-width:2rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-bmg00o{min-width:2rem;}}@s (grid-template-columns: fit-content(200px)){@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-bmg00o{min-width:1.5rem;}}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.bbc-bmg00o{min-width:1.5rem;}}@media (max-width: 14.9375rem){.bbc-txw7fg{min-width:1rem;}}@media (min-width: 15rem) and (max-width: 24.9375rem){.bbc-txw7fg{min-width:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 25rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-txw7fg{min-width:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-txw7fg{min-width:2rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-txw7fg{min-width:1.5rem;}}@s (grid-template-columns: fit-content(200px)){@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-txw7fg{min-width:1.5rem;}}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.bbc-txw7fg{min-width:2rem;}}@media (max-width: 14.9375rem){.bbc-1cq4npg{min-width:1rem;}}@media (min-width: 15rem) and (max-width: 24.9375rem){.bbc-1cq4npg{min-width:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 25rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-1cq4npg{min-width:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1cq4npg{min-width:2rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1cq4npg{min-width:2rem;}}@s (grid-template-columns: fit-content(200px)){@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1cq4npg{min-width:2rem;}}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.bbc-1cq4npg{min-width:1.5rem;}}@media (max-width: 14.9375rem){.bbc-sgu2a{min-width:1rem;}}@media (min-width: 15rem) and (max-width: 24.9375rem){.bbc-sgu2a{min-width:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 25rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-sgu2a{min-width:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-sgu2a{min-width:2rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-sgu2a{min-width:1.5rem;}}@s (grid-template-columns: fit-content(200px)){@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-sgu2a{min-width:2rem;}}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.bbc-sgu2a{min-width:1.5rem;}}@media (max-width: 14.9375rem){.bbc-666nu5{min-width:1rem;}}@media (min-width: 15rem) and (max-width: 24.9375rem){.bbc-666nu5{min-width:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 25rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-666nu5{min-width:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-666nu5{min-width:2rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-666nu5{min-width:2rem;}}@s (grid-template-columns: fit-content(200px)){@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-666nu5{min-width:2rem;}}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.bbc-666nu5{min-width:2rem;}}.bbc-1lvqtkx{content-visibility:auto;contain-intrinsic-size:33.125rem;}@media (min-width: 15rem){.bbc-1lvqtkx{contain-intrinsic-size:26.563rem;}}@media (min-width: 20){.bbc-1lvqtkx{contain-intrinsic-size:23.438rem;}}@media (min-width: 25rem){.bbc-1lvqtkx{contain-intrinsic-size:21.875rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1lvqtkx{contain-intrinsic-size:17.188rem;}}.bbc-5g7yny{background-color:#B80000;height:2.75rem;width:100%;padding:0 0.5rem;border-top:0.0625rem solid transparent;position:relative;z-index:1;}@media (min-width: 15rem){.bbc-5g7yny{height:3.75rem;padding:0 0.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 25rem){.bbc-5g7yny{height:3.75rem;padding:0 1rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-5g7yny{height:4rem;}}.bbc-5g7yny svg{fill:currentColor;}@media screen and (forced-colors: active){.bbc-5g7yny svg{fill:linkText;}}.bbc-hqbzgf{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;background-color:#222222;padding:0 1rem;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-hqbzgf{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-hqbzgf{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}@media (max-width: 24.9375rem){.bbc-hqbzgf{padding:0 0.5rem;}}.bbc-n6enek{max-width:63rem;margin:0 auto;padding-top:0.5rem;}.bbc-1c7p4c8{border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #3F3F42;-webkit-column-count:4;column-count:4;margin:0;list-style-type:none;padding:0 0 0.5rem;}@s (grid-template-columns: fit-content(200px)){.bbc-1c7p4c8{display:grid;grid-auto-flow:column;}}@media (max-width: 14.9375rem){.bbc-1c7p4c8{grid-auto-flow:row;-webkit-column-count:1;column-count:1;}}@media (min-width: 15rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-1c7p4c8{grid-column-gap:0.5rem;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, 1fr);-webkit-column-count:2;column-count:2;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem) and (max-width: 62.9375rem){.bbc-1c7p4c8{grid-column-gap:1rem;grid-template-columns:repeat(3, 1fr);-webkit-column-count:3;column-count:3;}}@media (min-width: 63rem) and (max-width: 79.9375rem){.bbc-1c7p4c8{grid-column-gap:1rem;grid-template-columns:repeat(4, 1fr);-webkit-column-count:4;column-count:4;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.bbc-1c7p4c8{grid-column-gap:1rem;grid-template-columns:repeat(5, 1fr);-webkit-column-count:5;column-count:5;}}.bbc-1c7p4c8 >li:first-of-type{border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #3F3F42;padding:0.5rem 0;margin-bottom:0.5rem;grid-column:1/-1;width:100%;-webkit-column-span:all;column-span:all;}@media (min-width: 15rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-1c7p4c8{grid-template-rows:repeat(5, auto);}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem) and (max-width: 62.9375rem){.bbc-1c7p4c8{grid-template-rows:repeat(4, auto);}}@media (min-width: 63rem) and (max-width: 79.9375rem){.bbc-1c7p4c8{grid-template-rows:repeat(3, auto);}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.bbc-1c7p4c8{grid-template-rows:repeat(3, auto);}}.bbc-a32bmp{min-width:50%;-webkit-column-gap:1rem;column-gap:1rem;break-inside:avoid-column;}.bbc-mcd2q6{font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;color:#FFFFFF;padding:0.75rem 0 0.75rem;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;}.bbc-mcd2q6:hover,.bbc-mcd2q6:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.bbc-1vn4w5t{font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;color:#FFFFFF;padding:0.75rem 0 0.75rem;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:none;}.bbc-1vn4w5t:hover,.bbc-1vn4w5t:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.bbc-cmqtv6{color:#FFFFFF;margin:0;padding:1rem 0;}.bbc-cmqtv6 a{padding:0;}.bbc-w6hk32{font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;color:#FFFFFF;padding:0.75rem 0 0.75rem;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline;}.bbc-w6hk32:hover,.bbc-w6hk32:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,button[type='submit']:focus-visible,button[type='button']:focus-visible,h3:focus-visible{outline:0.1875rem solid #000000;box-shadow:0 0 0 0.1875rem #FFFFFF;outline-offset:0.1875rem;}a.focusIndicatorRemove:focus-visible,button.focusIndicatorRemove:focus-visible{outline:none;box-shadow:none;outline-offset:0;}a.focusIndicatorDisplayBlock:focus-visible{display:block;}a.focusIndicatorDisplayInlineBlock:focus-visible{display:inline-block;width:100%;}a.focusIndicatorDisplayTableCell:focus-visible{display:table-cell;}a.focusIndicatorReducedWidth:focus-visible{outline:0.125rem solid #000000;box-shadow:0 0 0 0.0625rem #FFFFFF;outline-offset:0.0625rem;}a.focusIndicatorOutlineBlack:focus-visible{outline:0.1875rem solid #000000;box-shadow:none;outline-offset:0;}a.focusIndicatorInvert:focus-visible,button.focusIndicatorInvert:focus-visible{outline:0.1875rem solid #FFFFFF;box-shadow:0 0 0 0.1875rem #000000;outline-offset:0.1875rem;}a.focusIndicatorReducedWidthInverted:focus-visible{outline:0.125rem solid #FFFFFF;box-shadow:0 0 0 0.0625rem #000000;outline-offset:0.0625rem;}
دې لپاره چې انټرنېټ مو لږ مصرف شي، یوازې متن ولولئ
سپورټ ډپلوماسي او نړیوالې اړیکې د ډپلوماسۍ او سپورټ اړیکه پخوانۍ او خورا ټینګه ده. د تاریخ په اوږدو کې سپورټ د هېوادونو او د ولسونو ترمنځ د اړیکو د جوړولو د ابزار په توګه کارول شوی.
همدا لامل دې چې د ډپلوماسۍ په ادبیاتو کې د سپورټ ډپلوماسي خورا ځانګړی ځای لري او ډېری وخت د ډپلوماټیکو موخو د ترلاسه کولو لپاره هېوادونه ترې کار اخلي.
د سپورټ ډپلوماسي ډېرې وخت داسې مهال په کار اچول کېږي چې اړخونه غواړي د ناستې او خبرو اترو څخه د خلکو پام وګرځوي او د سپورټي لوبو د رڼا ګانو تر شا خپلې ډپلوماټیکي چارې ترسره کړي.
همدا راز، ډېرې وخت مشران هغه مهال سپورټي ډپلوماسي کاروي چې غواړي یو داسې اړخ سره چې ناستې یا ډپلوماټیکو خبرو اترو ته چمتو نه وي ډپلوماټیک چنل فعاله کړي. همدا راز، ډېرو هېوادونو د سپورټ ډپلوماسۍ پر مټ هڅه کړې چې خپل مخالف هېوادونه په نړیواله کچه فشارونو سره مخامخ کړي ترڅو اړ ایستل شي چې خپلې تګلاې او کړنلارې بدلې کړي.
له دویمې نړیوالې جګړې راهیسې په نړۍ کې د سپورټ ډپلوماسۍ خورا ډېرې بېلګې شتون لري. د دغه بېلګو په لړ کې تر ټولو مشهوره یې د پاکستان او هند ترمنځ د کرېکټ ډپلوماسي ده.
په ۱۹۸۷ کال کې داسې مهال چې د هند او پاکستان پوځونه یو بل ته وسله په لاس جګړې ته د چمتو والي په حال کې وو، د پاکستان ولسمشر جنرال ضیاء الحق د هند جیپور ښار کې د دواړو هېوادونو ترمنځ د روانې ټېسټ لوبې لیدو په پلمه هندوستان ته لاړ او هلته یې د هند صدر اعظم راجیو ګاندهي سره داسې مهال ولیدل چې ګاندهي د ضیاء سره د لیدو هیڅ چمتو والې نه درلود.
د کرېکټ د لوبې په پلمه ترسره شوی سفر د دې لامل شو چې د دواړو هېوادونو ترمنځ د ممکنه جګړې مخه ډب کړي.
د سپورټي ډپلوماسۍ بله بېلګه د اتیایمې لسیزې په لومړیو کې د امریکايي او شوروي بلاکونو ترمنځ خورا مشهوره ده.
هغه مهال چې روس په افغانستان تیرې کړې و او نړۍ د افغانستان د جګړې په سر په دوو سترو برخو وېشل شوی وه، د امریکا په مشرۍ غربي نړۍ او د هغو ملګرو د مسکو په اولمپیکي لوبو کې له ګډون ډډه وکړه ترڅو د نړۍ پام پر افغانستان د شوروي اتحاد تېري ته راواړوي او له دې لارې شوروي اتحاد تر فشار لاندې را ولي.
د دغې چارې په بدل کې شوروي اتحاد او ملګرو یې په ۱۹۸۴ کال کې په لاس انجلس اولمپیک کې له ګډون ډډه وکړه او له دې لارې یې خپل سیاسي قدرت نندارې ته وړاندې کړ.
همدا راز، په سویلي افریقا کې د اپارتایډ په کلونو کې نړۍ له سویلي افریقا سره سپورټي پریکون اعلان کړ او دغه هېواد یې د ۱۹۶۴ کال اولمپیک لوبو څخه و ایسته.
همدا راز دا پریکون غیر اولمپیکي لوبو ته هم وغځیدلو او سویلي افریقا سره د کرېکټ لوبې ودرول شوې چې دا لړۍ بیا تر ۱۹۹۲ کال پورې پر ځای پاتې شوه.
له سویلي افریقا سره د نړیوالو د سپورټي پریکون منطق دا و چې له دې لارې نړیوال افکار د سویلي افریقا د اپارتایډ پر ضد منسجم شي ترڅو دغه هېواد فشار احساس کړي او نړیوال پریکون څخه د خلاصون دپاره کور دننه چارو ته بیا کتنه وکړي.
داسې ویل کېږي چې د ډېرو نورو لاملونو ترڅنګ سپورټ د سویلي افریقا له اپارتایډ څخه د لاس اخیستو کې ځانګړې رول درلود.
په هېوادونو د فشار د بیلګو په لړ کې، د انګلستان د کرېکټ ادارې د زمبابوی سره په ۲۰۰۸ کال کې د دغه هېواد د ډېرې مودې ولسمشر رابرټ موګابې لخوا په ولسمشریزو ټاکنو کې د درغلیو د تورونو له کبله خپلې اړیکې پرې کړې.
دغه مهال د پلان سره سم د انګلستان لوبډلې باید د کرېکټ د لوبو لړۍ د ترسره کولو په موخه زمبابوی ته سفر کړې وای چې د پرېکون له کبله دغه سفر هم لغوه اعلان شو.
همدا راز، هندوستان د کرېکټ پر مټ له لسیزو هڅه کړې چې خپل دښمن پاکستان په نړیواله کچه تر فشار لاندې وساتي. هندوستان د پاکستان لخوا کشمیر او د هند په نورو برخو کې د تروریستي ډلو د ملاتړ له کبله د ۱۹۹۱ کال نه تر ۲۰۰۴ کال پورې د لوبو لپاره پاکستان ته تګ څخه ډډه وکړه.
همدا راز، همدا اوس له څه د پاسه یوې لسیزې را دېخوا هندوستان د پاکستان په وار وار غوښتنو وروسته هم دې ته چمتو نه دی چې خپل رقیب هېواد سره دوه اړخیزې لوبې ترسره کړي. ان د پاکستان لوبغاړي د هند تجارتي لوبو انډین پریمیر لیګ کې هم له همدې کبله نه اخیستل کېږي.
که هېوادونو د لوبو په مرسته ډپلوماسي کړې، په نړۍ کې سپورټ د هېوادونو ترمنځ د خواخوږۍ د اظهار د الې په توګه هم کارول شوی دی.
د دغه چارې تر ټولو غوره بېلګه هغه مهال د پاکستان او هندوستان د کرېکټ لوبغاړو لخوا وړاندې شوه چې د ۱۹۹۶ز کال د کرېکټ نړیوال جام په لړ کې د امنیتي ستونزو له کبله اسټریلیا او ویسټ انډیز لوبډلو شري لنکا ته له سفر کولو انکار وکړ.
د دې لپاره چې په کورنۍ شخړې او کړکیچ کې را ګیر شري لنکا مینه والو زړه وساتل شي، د هندوستان او پاکستان یوې ګډې لوبډلې شري لنکا ته د یوې غیر رسمي لوبې د کولو په موخه سفر وکړ.
د سپورټ ډپلوماسۍ په برخه کې افغانستان هم د دغه ابزار څخه کار اخیستی. د سپورټ ډپلوماسۍ تر ټولو غوره بیلګه د ۲۰۱۴ز کال په نومبر کې د افغان ولسمشر محمد اشرف غني اسلام آباد ته سفر و، او هلته نوموړي د پاکستان صدراعظم سره په ګډه د افغانستان او پاکستان ترمنځ د کرکټ غیر رسمي لوبه ننداره کړه.
همدار راز د ۲۰۱۹ کال نړیوال جام په ترڅ کې افغان ولسمشر د افغانستان او انګلستان د لوبډلو ترمنځ د نړیوال جام د لوبې د کتلو په موخه دغه هېواد ته سفر وکړ.
ولسمشر د همدې سفر په ترڅ کې د برتانیا له سیاسیونو او مشرانو سره لیدنې کتنې هم وکړې.
دا چې افغانستان د سپورټ، په ځانګړې توګه د کرېکټ په میدان کې د ځلیدو په حال کې دی، اړینه ده چې افغان ډپلوماسي په برخه کې خپلې تګلاې چمتو کړي.
دغه ابزار د ملتونو په نږدې کولو، د مخالفو هېوادونو تر فشار لاندې راوستلو او ډپلوماټیکو موخو د ترلاسه کولو په برخه کې خورا اغیزمن دی، او افغانستان کولې شي په سیمه کې خپلې موخې له دې لارې هم ترلاسه کړي.
د لیکوال په اړه: مشتاق رحیم د شخړو او سولې کارپوه، څېړونکی او شنونکی دی. نوموړی په کابل کې د افغانستان د چارو د مرکز Afghanistan affairs Unit د رهبرۍ هیات غړی هم دی.
ځانګړي مطالب ۱۸ غبرګولی ۱۴۰۴ - ۸ جون ۲۰۲۵ ۱۸ غبرګولی ۱۴۰۴ - ۸ جون ۲۰۲۵ ۱۸ غبرګولی ۱۴۰۴ - ۸ جون ۲۰۲۵ ۱۷ غبرګولی ۱۴۰۴ - ۷ جون ۲۰۲۵